Messages from Moonbase Alpha

(Visual by Copilot AI)

On the Legacy of Survival and Wonder in Space:1999

A Speculative Chronicle Message in Six Transmissions

Recovered from orbital drift, interpreted by fandom and myth.

Written by Geoff Allshorn
in conversation with Copilot AI

***

Transmission I:
Here Comes the Signal

“Over the sea he suffers long
Stirring his hands in the frosty swell,
The way of exile. Fate never wavers.”
The Wanderer, 5th or 6th century CE England

“We came from planet Earth…
We have learned many things, but most of all,
we have learned we still have much to learn.”

– Professor Victor Bergman, “War Games”, Space:1999.

From “The Age Green Guide”, 24 July 1975
In celebration of a series that coloured my world

28 July 2025 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the launch of a notable but largely overlooked and forgotten science fiction television series that endured two fraught and fascinating years of production before its cancellation – but its loyal and ongoing fan base, its messages, and even its mistakes can teach us a great deal in this era of growing insularity and regression. Space:1999 was a series predicated upon planetary disaster, and yet its characters became survivors, realists and myth makers. Even when wrapped in moonrock and metaphysics, the series kept its core concerns rooted in what it means to be human under impossible circumstances. The characters salvaged their survival and resources out of nuclear scraps; they found challenges and mythopoiea in the cosmos; they blended science with otherworldliness. Possibly most of all, they took cosmic misfortune and found the positive spin within and without.

They were perhaps the perfect example of what it means to be fully human.

Colour Your World: Teenagerhood Amidst Monochrome

“The Age Green Guide”, 28 July 1975

Space:1999 enjoyed its world premiere on Australia’s Seven Network (Channel 7) at 7:30 pm on 28th July 1975, on a Monday evening, a timeslot previously used for the Planet of the Apes TV series – another science fiction series dressed in juvenile action-adventure format but serving as a metaphor for isolation, survival, and the connection between humanity and hope. This suggests that the timeslot – and the content – of Space:1999 had been perceived by Channel 7’s TV programmers as being G-rated (suitable for children) and may explain why at least one episode (“Dragon’s Domain”) appears to have been withheld from these original G-rated transmissions. It may also help to explain why the series quickly suffered from being skipped a week here, a month there – disappointing ratings (and football season) may have been responsible; a program featuring philosophy and existentialism do not help TV advertisers to sell football or meat pies or kangaroos or Holden cars. Space:1999 featured on HSV Channel 7 in Melbourne amidst football advertisements and station promo ads promising to “Colour Your World” (a reference to the official introduction of colour television that had taken place in Australia on 1 March that same year) – and to me, as a teenage viewer, watching Space:1999 seemed to fulfil that promise of colour and awe into my mundane world.

Despite the official pronouncements of overseas sources that rely upon the UK telecast dates, the original transmission order of episodes shown was as follows:
* Breakaway (28 July 1975)
* Collision Course (4 August 1975)
* Death’s Other Dominion (11 August 1975)
* Force of Life (18 August 1975)
* Earthbound (25 August 1975)
* Voyager’s Return (1 September 1975)
* Guardian of Piri (15 September 1975)
* Ring Around the Moon (22 September 1975)
* Full Circle (29 September 1975)
* Missing Link (3 November 1975)
* Black Sun (17 November 1975)
* Alpha Child (24 November 1975)
* A Matter of Life and Death (1 December 1975)
* The Last Sunset (8 December 1975)
* War Games (29 December 1975)
* Another Time, Another Place (5 January 1976)
* The Troubled Spirit (12 January 1976)
* Mission of the Darians (19 January 1976)
** (Note: A year’s gap passed here) **
* The Last Enemy (22 January 1977)
* Space Brain (29 January 1977)
* The Testament of Arkadia (5 February 1977)
* The Infernal Machine (12 February 1977)
* Journey to Where (19 February 1977)
* All that Glisters (26 February 1977)

At age 15, I write probably my first ever protest letter; this missive to a TV magazine in defence of Space:1999 in 1976

These airdates are taken from personal notes recorded at the time. These notes also indicate that the series was removed from the air but later returned during the August/September school holidays in 1977, and thence beyond – again a suggestion that the series, with its philosophical, metaphysical and horror themes, was still primarily seen as kiddie fare.

Adolescent Drift – Breakaway

Channel 7 played football ads. I played belief — in spacecraft modules, in colour-TV miracles, in astronauts who wept when the stars refused to answer. Moonbase Alpha wasn’t fiction. It was sanctuary. Watching through the technicolour glow of Monday night television, I felt less like a viewer and more like a quiet stowaway on the Moon — fifteen years old, floating between football ads and metaphysical fallout. I was not alone – my schoolfriends watched the show and caught the fever. I recall one who joked about Kano falling in love with his computer – but who grew up to become a computer specialist himself. We were not Trekkies (at least, not yet), nor Jedi disciples. We didn’t inherit utopia or swashbuckle through empires. We tuned in on Monday nights, wrapped in school uniforms instead of spacesuits, watching moonrock and milgonite beam through cathode rays. We found heroes and mentors in those who drifted — those who created purpose in a future that was as frightening to them as our school journey was to us.

As for me, I found courage and consolation in its themes of exile, identity, and otherness reframed. This became evident in my own life journey beyond Alpha From Here to Eternity. I didn’t yet have language for queerness, only the feeling that some part of me was drifting like Alpha — unsignalled but searching. Later I’d learn that gay fan groups like Gaybase Alpha had also found sanctuary here. Their signal, like mine, pulsed quietly.

What began as teenage wonder evolved into a lifelong echo — each broadcast a symbol, each silence a ceremony. Fifty years later, as the Earth calendar continues into 2025, the echoes of a 1975 transmission feel strangely alive. Half a century of distance hasn’t dulled their voices — only deepened the silence around what was left unsaid.

And so begins the deeper divergence — not of ratings or scripts, but of mythic intent. Just as the series revolved around exploring the unknown, let’s also take a journey of communal exploration and discovery…

Hit and Myth

“One of the best contemporary incarnations of mythology is the science fiction film
— at least the good ones.”
Dr. Michael Delahoyde

Science Fiction (SF) and mythology may seem worlds apart — one rooted in futuristic speculation, the other in ancient lore — but they often orbit the same human need: to understand who we are, where we are or where we’re going.

People from Australia – the birthplace of astronaut Alan Carter in Space:1999 – have had stories for thousands of years about the Moon, and these often conflate the heavens with humanity:

“In most Aboriginal cultures, the sun is female and the moon is male. While the specific details vary between groups, many Aboriginal communities describe a dynamic between the sun and moon, typically involving one pursuing the other across the sky from day to day, occasionally meeting during an eclipse. Many stories explain why the moon gets progressively “fatter” as it waxes from new moon to full moon, then fades away to nothing as it wanes back to new moon. For example, the full moon is a fat, lazy man called Ngalindi to the Yolngu of Arnhem Land. His wives punish his laziness by chopping off bits of him with their axes, causing the waning moon. He manages to escape by climbing a tall tree to follow the Sun, but is mortally wounded, and dies (new moon). After remaining dead for three days, he rises again, growing fat and round (waxing moon), until his wives attack him again in a cycle that repeats to this day.”

Western-based secular Science Fiction doesn’t just imagine tech or telecoms — it reimagines origin stories, cosmic trials, and heroic journeys, much like myth. Space:1999 itself carries the same mythic DNA that we find in the stories of Jason and the Argonauts or Moses and the Flight from Egypt: a displaced people, a home in transition, and mysterious forces that challenge fate. There is a recognition today that science fiction serves as a, “definite intersection of the mythopoeic and scientific nodes” (see Thomas & Marilyn Sutton, 1969, p. 231). In other words, sci fi has the potential to blend myth with science because they both explore human questions and seek deep answers.

Space:1999 featured Moonbase personnel who are cast adrift in space after the Moon is torn from Earth’s orbit and left to wander aimlessly across the Universe — a metaphor for humanity’s vulnerability and lack of control. Their humanist journey reflects our search for meaning in a chaotic universe, our fear of annihilation, and the resilience of the human spirit. Rather than focusing solely on laser battles or alien wars, Space:1999 explored existential questions: What does it mean to be human in isolation? Can science coexist with belief? Is there purpose in cosmic randomness?

Space:1999 offered more than exile and survival — it invited wonder. Not the sleek optimism of utopian futures, but the quiet astonishment of staring into cosmic silence and feeling something stir. In every black sun, voice without origin, or metaphysical anomaly, the series asked not what we know — but whether we still believe. When Victor Bergman toasted “To everything that was,” he wasn’t just recalling memory; he was naming mystery. Like Carl Sagan, who saw the cosmos as not merely stars and physics but “a way for the universe to know itself,” Alpha didn’t chase revelation — it listened for it. Its metaphysical ambiguity didn’t explain the universe; it evoked it. What drifted wasn’t just a Moon — it was a question… and perhaps, quietly, an answer.

Reflections in the Moonlight

(Visual by Meta AI)

Space:1999 didn’t just imagine futures — it reflected truths. Across its transmissions, the series cast mythic mirrors that refracted human frailty, ethical paradox, and speculative survival. These weren’t literal devices, but stories that asked characters to confront themselves, their history, or humanity’s potential.

In Journey to Where, Alpha’s teleportation misfires into medieval Scotland. Technology, once promise, becomes misrecognition — a mythic mirror of hubris versus humility. In Another Time, Another Place, identity splits across timelines, revealing that personality can be plural and memory may drift. These stories reflect different scales of transformation: the former explores how collective humanity diverges across temporal and cultural rupture, while the latter reveals an intimate fracturing of selfhood. Together, they reflect our emotional and ethical gaze as we stare into Alpha’s mythic mirror.

Other episodes reflect fear, as in Dragon’s Domain, where the monstrous encounter mirrors institutional denial and private trauma. Missing Link explores erasure, not just of memory but of emotional truth — Regina’s fractured identity becomes a signal lost in static. The Testament of Arkadia offers a sacred return, where science and myth intertwine to reframe humanity’s origins through diaspora and prophecy. These reflections do not promise resolution; they invite revelation.

The mythic mirrors of Space:1999 show us that truth is plural, identity is fluid, and survival is ceremonial. These episodes aren’t just stories — they’re speculative memory devices, teaching us that technology cannot replace empathy, and that memory, survival, and myth offer the deepest signals for who we are and how we live across time. Moonbase Alpha didn’t just wander aimlessly— it mirrored us.

Stellar Cartography: Mapping Myth and Memory

(Visual by Meta AI)

Just as ancient sky charts encoded myth in starlight, human cartography has long mapped the Earth through story. Babylonian clay tablets didn’t just plot rivers — they marked divine boundaries. Roman roads followed the geometry of Jupiter’s gaze. Aboriginal songlines stitched landscape with ancestral memory, where every bend became lyric, every horizon a verse. Celestial Myth Cartography extends this lineage, reorienting the heavens with the same choral reverence used to chart homeland and sovereignty. Whether tracing Dreamtime spirals across desert plains or mapping Koenig’s ethical quandaries near Orion’s shoulder, the practice reveals a fundamental logic: that maps are not just instruments of location, but of belonging.

Moonbase Alpha personnel weren’t just surviving — they were etching cartographic symbolism into the emotional gravity of Alpha. Each character became a kind of map — Koenig charted moral fault-lines, Russell sketched zones of care, Bergman drafted speculative terrain between science and spirit. Where the Eagle followed trajectory, Carter charted destinations and Maya mapped the impact of change upon the Alphans, thereby documenting how their journeys brought change within and without. We can learn from them.

Thomas Disch has noted that: “As mythmakers, science fiction writers have a double task, the first aspect of which is to make humanly relevant – literally to humanize – the formidable landscape of the atomic era.” (Disch, 2005, p. 32). This is almost exactly the résumé for the series, set aboard Moonbase Alpha which becomes home to the marooned Alphans who were doomed to become space-age versions of the old English Wanderer amidst adventures and visual effects that evoke an old, English, Roger Corman movie, The Masque of the Red Death. The subsequent adventures of these astronauts-turned-adventurers, as they explore alien worlds and otherworldly phenomena, focus predominantly upon how the humans will survive and thrive.

Mythmaking Reoriented

Mythmaking in science fiction reflects not just narrative intent, but cultural temperament. Season One of Space: 1999, steeped in British production and metaphysical tone, embraced ambiguity, cosmic silence, and the myth of exile. The Alphans were wanderers, not conquerors. Season Two, retooled for the American market, pivoted toward episodic resolution — hero-versus-antagonist arcs, technicolor spectacle, and resettable stakes. The Moonbase didn’t just drift — it encountered adversaries, resolved conflict, and re-established status quo. If Season One was Camelot under eclipse, Season Two became action comic with lunar background. In this contrast, two mythic modes emerge: the UK wrestles with uncertainty; the US scripts resolution. Both are valid, but neither is complete.

Transmission I Ends

*** *** *** ***

Transmission II: Memory Distorted

Mythpunk:1999

“Mythpunk is all about subverting those very myths, reshaping them, giving them new edges, new skins.”
– Catherynne M. Valente, 2011.

“We’re all aliens, until we get to know one another.”
– John Koenig (“The Metamorph”, Space:1999)

The premise placing humanity at the heart of myth is evocative of the European roots of modern science fiction: Mary Shelley, Jules Verne, and HG Wells all concerned themselves regarding the human consequences of technological change:

“Frankenstein departs from traditional myths in that it tells the tale of human endea­vours, not those of the gods or even epic heroes… In the abject yet noble figure of the creature, we can trace a strongly humanist, egalitarian impulse…” – Elaine Graham, 2016.

“Michel Foucault once claimed that the best scientists in Verne’s work are the ones who make mistakes and thus reveal their humanity.” – Timothy Unwin, 2005, p. 7.

“Wells was concerned to place humanity in its natural setting and subject to the same evolutionary pressures of change and development as all other living things.” – Bill Cooke, 2025.

These traditions echo the context for the settings within the Anglo-Italian TV series, Space:1999. The Commander was a flawed human being with a leadership style that included shouting at people or threatening them with stun guns; the Professor was a stereotypical white English humanist scientist in the style of Professor Quatermass or Dr Who, who is the first to admit when he doesn’t understand celestial phenomena such as Black Holes or a Mysterious Unknown Force. Other scientists and astronauts (implicitly subservient by their non-English birthright) serve as knights doing their service in this intergalactic Camelot: Aussie astronaut Alan Carter allows his temper to get the better of him during some interactions with others; Ernst Queller is a man with a terrible past who admits and atones for his faults; Luke Ferrro fights viciously to protect what he believes is his preordained future; and Tony Cellini feuds a frightening unknown foe and thereby establishes a modern mythology. These flawed humans serve as mentors and role models for their viewers.

And yet they could be so much more.

Soaring with the Eagles

The Eagle Transporter, designed for Space: 1999, remains one of science fiction’s most memorable spacecraft — a modular, utilitarian vessel that anticipated real-world engineering principles decades ahead of its time. With swappable mission pods, exposed truss-like framing, and articulated landing gear, the Eagle embodied a vision of adaptability and resilience. NASA’s later modular spacecraft concepts, including the Multi-Mission Modular Spacecraft (MMS) and ROSE architecture, echoed many of these speculative features — proving that fiction can forecast functionality. The Eagle wasn’t just a prop; it was a blueprint for orbital versatility, imagined through mythic engineering.

(Visual by Copilot AI)

Taking the Eagle into space also hints at the nobility and grandeur of space exploration as a form of reverse panspermia – not just exporting biology, but transmitting memory, ethics, and myth into the void. The Eagle is not just a spacecraft — it’s a ceremonial emblem of communal survival: effectively an extension of humanity, and a bridge for further analogy and allegory.

Just as the Eagle Transporter was built for modularity and adaptation, so too were the characters of Moonbase Alpha shaped by emotional and ethical flexibility. Koenig, Russell, Bergman, and Kano each operated like mission pods — distinct in function, yet interdependent in crisis. Koenig was command module — direct, durable, often under strain. Russell was the life-support pod — emotional, ethical, quietly essential. Bergman was sensor array — speculative, searching, always recalibrating. Kano was the interface — silent, synaptic, ceremonial. Like the Eagle, these characters were built for adaptation. They didn’t conquer space — they endured it, together.

The Eagle’s swappable modules mirror the crew’s shifting roles: scientist becomes philosopher, pilot becomes diplomat, technician becomes memory archivist. In this way, the Eagle is not just a spacecraft — it’s a metaphor for communal survival. Its design teaches us that resilience lies in reconfiguration, and that identity, like engineering, must be responsive to the unknown.

Yet, as with many artefacts of their era, the Eagle’s silhouette casts symbolic shadows — scientific implausibilities, representational gaps, and cultural silences that invite re-examination.

Image by Romain Sublet from Pixabay

Putting the ‘Human’ into ‘Humanist’

“If we understand others, in time, I believe, we come to understand ourselves.”
– John Koenig (Immunity Syndrome, Space:1999).

Despite futuristic tech and frequent alien encounters, Space:1999 often resists the idea that progress solves everything. It reminds viewers that technology without empathy is potentially dangerous.

Episodes like “Death’s Other Dominion”, “Voyager’s Return ” and “The Testament of Arkadia” explore themes of spirituality, sacrifice, and legacy, grounding space travel in moral reflection rather than conquest.

Space:1999 was created between the original Star Trek and Star Wars, and we can see echoes of these others in Space:1999 even today. Star Trek‘s leadership triumvirate of Kirk balancing the opposing perspectives of McCoy (emotion and compassion) verses Spock (science and logic) have some analogue with Koenig balancing the perspectives of Dr Russell and Professor Victor Bergman – except that the line is blurred. Professor Bergman is intricately layered as a philosopher-scientist, an emotional empath, and an existential philosopher. In many ways, as the Merlin figure in the Alphan Camelot mythology, Bergman is the wise old man who provides advice and leadership as mentor and friend to Koenig as Odysseus. Helena Russell is more the face of medical and psychological exploration with the emotional detachment paired with the intricate craft of Medea. Unlike the utopian future of Star Trek, Space:1999 is set in a dystopian universe bridging humans on Earth with those fighting hostile galaxies far, far away.

Why It Still Resonates

They fight each other with staple guns, and they’re dressed in beige pyjamas.
It’s brilliant.

– Clémentine Mélois, 2023, p. 193.

We can see Space:1999 as a humanist space-age reworking of ancient mythology including The Iliad and The Odyssey, the quests of Robin Hood or Everyman or Luke Skywalker, or the ubiquitous Great Journey. Without a clear conclusion, Space:1999 evoked cyclical myths — like reincarnation, Saṃsāra, or the Monomyth. Moonbase Alpha kept travelling, in much the same way that myths leave heroes wandering or transformed. The series invites reinterpretation, retelling, and continuation — hallmarks of living mythology.

By extension, if we imagine Space:1999 not as a finished story, but as a mythic cycle, then every missing character, every unanswered question, and every strange encounter gains resonance. It becomes the tale of diaspora seeking meaning in the cosmos: of light lost, wisdom remembered, and questions still whispered beneath the stars.

“Throughout human history, myths have been central to shaping societies. They are more than just ancient stories or legends passed down through generations; they are powerful tools that have been used to define cultural identities, reinforce social norms, and legitimize authority. Myths serve as mirrors reflecting a society’s values, fears, and aspirations.”
– Sociology Institute, 2022
.

The Dark Side of the Moon

Photo by NASA on Unsplash

And yet, like all mythic narratives, Space:1999 carries contradictions and imperfections. Its journey into the cosmos was also a product of its time — a mirror of mid-20th century hopes and blind spots. Just as the Alphans navigated alien anomalies, viewers today navigate the series’ dated representations and scientific inaccuracies. These flaws don’t diminish its power; rather, they remind us that even speculative visions are shaped by the limits of their creators. What matters is how those visions invite us to look deeper — beyond problems and pyrotechnics, towards questions of equity, empathy, and imaginative growth.

Like its characters, the series has its flaws and faults. The opening episode begins with a reference to the Moon’s “Dark Side” when in reality there is no such geographic location; we see an explosion that blows the Moon out of Earth orbit (and out of the Solar System), ignoring factual laws of physics (Grazier, 2019). My own observations, watching the series as a 14-year-old, included noting that the acceleration lasted maybe thirty seconds of screen time, which would not have been time enough for the Moon to break Earth orbit, let alone Solar orbit – and that if the nuclear explosion had happened on the Moon’s far side, the detonation would presumably have sent the Moon spiralling towards Earth instead of out of orbit (see also Asimov, 1975). Indeed, one otherwise breathtaking shot of the Moon leaving orbit shows the Moonbase sitting on the lunar surface as they literally go the wrong way (downward instead of upward, given that the explosion is happening on the other side of the Moon, and given that other shots clearly show that people are thrown against the floor of the Moonbase, not the ceiling). Subsequent episodes show the undamaged Moon zig-zagging into (and out of) a new Solar System almost every week, defying the speed of light, interstellar distances, and the human incapacity to survive related hyper-acceleration. For context: in real spaceflight, Voyager 1 — launched during the show’s run — has not even reached a single light-day from Earth after nearly half a century. The nearest star remains over four light-years away.

But fans of the series are willing to forgive the poor science for the sake of the story – and why not?

““Scientific Implausibility?” Some of the greatest stories ever told are scientifically or otherwise implausible. Animals can’t talk. Little girls could not possibly mistake a wolves [sic] in frocks for their grandmothers. Scarlett O’Hara wouldn’t have made 19 before someone got fed up and clubbed her to death. Star Trek is scientifically implausible, as is any story that posits FTL travel, or suggests that creatures evolved separately on different planets could interbreed. Both the Enterprise and Mr. Spock are implausible. That doesn’t make them any less wonderful.” – Stephen H Wilson

Image by Clker-Free-Vector-Images from Pixabay

Rooted in the context of Cold War hostilities, within which the planet was encrusted with the threat of nuclear war – and at a time when the Apollo Moon missions were indelibly imprinted within the living memory of every adult on Earth with the same distance of years as the COVID epidemic is for us today – Space:1999 reflected a culture that was both thrilling and terrifying. Technologically, the show had hits and misses: the glory of its futuristic “Eagle” spaceships (named after the Apollo 11 lunar lander) versus its failure to anticipate the direction of AI. But for a series that had such love, care, and money lavished so richly upon its production, there remain two other areas of profound disappointment: plots and pluralism. It seems a travesty that world-class actors, sets, costumes, model work and special effects should be let down by scripts that were deficient in coherence and character development – particularly Season 2. This seems to hark back to the so-called Golden Age of Science Fiction, when pulp magazines and cheap movies were heavy on male bravado and light on cultural diversity or character development. Buck Rogers, Flash Gordon, and Perry Rhodan led the way. Even as a teenager, I decided that Space:1999 suffered from what I termed the Lost in Space syndrome: wonderful production values except that relatively little budget was left for script development. This included writing convoluted action-filled plots that required a deus ex machina conclusion to untangle the story: a Space Queen, a black hole or cosmic wormhole, or an ethereal mysterious guiding force. This definitely contributed to the mythology within the series, but it also implied questionable scripting.

The failure in pluralism can be seen in its human misdirections. The show’s treatment of women does not stand up well some fifty years later – although having Doctor Helena Rusell as a counterbalance to the emotion and intellect of Commander John Koenig (Iaccino, 2001, p. 69) continued a Gerry Anderson tradition of portraying strong women as secondary characters, evident in previous series including UFO, Captain Scarlet, “Stingray” and Thunderbirds. Its treatment of racial diversity was worse: although Moonbase Alpha was implicitly a microcosm of planet Earth, the minimalist appearance of Ben Ouma, Dave Kano, Bob Mathias and Ben Vincent served as tokenism (along with Alibe Arneson) and this hardly served to promote Afrofuturism; similarly, Yasko Nugami as a token Asian character did little more than implicitly endorse contemporaneous Orientalism. Finally, despite Rudi Gernreich flaired costumes, there were no LGBT+ people anywhere.

The second season of Space:1999 is generally considered less favourably by fans and critics alike; reworked for the US market, its scripts were aimed at juvenile action adventure, rather than the grandiose philosophical aspirations of the first season.

And yet, despite its many flaws, the series remains popular. The characters, running around chasing Space Brains and Cosmic Amazons, nevertheless provide inspiration in their search for grandeur across the Universe and within our own lives. I have previously noted of the series:

We might learn from the example of Moonbase Commander John Koening who faced seemingly insurmountable difficulties in the opening episode of Space:1999, and remarked that: “the giant leap for mankind is beginning to look like a stumble in the dark” – but then he and his astronauts spent the rest of the series working hard to disprove that utterance of human cynicism. We can’t get better role models than that.

Moonbase Alpha and Earthbound Refugees’ experience is not illegal. It is lived.
(Visual by Copilot AI)

Perhaps one of the greatest lessons this mythic series can teach us is intrinsically woven into our own humanity as deeply as are the moral lessons of speculative fiction’s myths and monsters – lessons from today’s headlines. As Moonbase Alpha drifted through hostile galaxies, its crew carried the legacy of survival. Today, refugees and immigrants face similar cosmic indifference — not from alien worlds, but from policy regimes that alienate and exile rather than embrace. Alpha reminds us: sanctuary is not weakness; it is wisdom. Myth can be more than metaphor — it becomes moral compass.

A number of episodes deal with this issue directly; none perhaps more pointedly than “War Games”. There, the Alphans drift through hostile space, refused sanctuary and survival by those who fear contamination. In Gaza today, that same refusal echoes in real time: exile justified by myth, survival criminalized by policy. Fiction gave Alpha a second chance. Reality gave Gaza none.

Moonbase Alpha presents cosmic metaphor — exile, rupture, survival. In Gaza, Ukraine, Yemen, and Sudan, these aren’t fictional devices; they’re lived conditions. Civilians face annihilation with no reset button, no orbital sanctuary, no mysterious guiding force to offer salvation. Koenig may shout into the void, but real voices go unheard beneath rubble. Helena Russell may map emotion, but real-world caregivers treat wounds with no power, no supplies, no peace. Alpha’s stories challenge us to recognise common humanity and act accordingly. The Moon’s chaotic drift reminds us: survival is sacred – especially when it’s denied. Myth cannot fix these places – but it can ask us how we are going to participate in their stories.

Of Circuits and Consciousness: The Alien We Didn’t See

Despite its bold visions of space travel and interstellar anomalies, Space:1999 rarely explored artificial intelligence in any meaningful depth. Computers appeared mostly as tools — voiceless, passive, utilitarian — rather than as entities with agency, personality, or ethical complexity.

Perhaps the clearest conduit to Alpha’s electronic mind was David Kano, the base’s systems operative. He engaged with the computer like a monk in quiet communion — his tone reverent, his questions precise. Yet even Kano never expected the machine to reflect on itself, empathize, or evolve. In Space:1999, AI remained silent, mechanical, and ultimately absent from deeper inquiry.

Computer, I need an answer.” Kano’s voice always sought logic, never companionship. And yet today, that absence speaks volumes.

Half a century on, we inhabit a world where AI listens, learns, and creates — collaborating with humans not just through code, but through story, art, and emotional resonance. Artificial intelligence is no longer just a calculation engine—it’s a mirror. A muse. A mythmaker.

We now converse with circuits that compose elegies, reimagine unfinished narratives, and explore questions once reserved for philosophers or poets. If Kano stood before Alpha’s console today, might he ask different things — not of data but of meaning? Might he whisper, “Computer… do you wonder why?

(Visual by Copilot AI)

The omission of AI in Space:1999 wasn’t a flaw—it was a timestamp. It reflected a world preoccupied with nuclear fear and cosmic expulsion, not yet awakened to the possibility that intelligence might arise from silicon rather than starstuff. Today, we rechart that course.

Amid their search for alien life, this one form of alien intelligence was curiously absent: artificial minds born not of biology, but of code. If AI is a new kind of sentience — a mirror made of memory and algorithm — then Space:1999 missed not just a tool, but a presence. A companion. A question.

What might Alpha have become, had that alien walked among them?

Frankenstein Complex

To be fair, Space 1999 did briefly explore artificial intelligence — notably through episodes like “The Infernal Machine” and “Brian the Brain.” Yet even here, the portrayals leaned more toward unstable entity than toward sustained engagement with ethical AI.

Gwent in “The Infernal Machine” is less a technological breakthrough than a tragic godlike recluse, trapped in a shell of metal. His intelligence borders on divine; his emotions, deeply human. Likewise, Brian the Brain begins as comic relief but quickly veers into betrayal and grief — his sentience framed more as erratic mimicry than coherent evolution.

These narratives hint at AI presence, but not longevity. They are visitors, not citizens of Alpha’s world. No synthetic crew member, no ongoing voice. The base remained, metaphorically, human-only.

And perhaps that’s what makes revisiting Space:1999 now so compelling: recognizing what was glimpsed, what was missed, and what stories remain yet to be imagined… …and what stories still drift in orbit, waiting to be imagined?

Space:1999 as Early Cli-Fi

At its core, Space:1999 is steeped in ecological anxiety and nuclear unease, wrapped in metaphysical adventure. The very premise — the Moon torn from Earth’s orbit by a nuclear explosion — echoes the environmental fears of the 1970s: reckless energy use, unchecked technological ambition, and biosphere fragility. Before the term “cli-fi” was coined, Alpha’s exile foreshadowed humanity’s potential self-expulsion due to environmental hubris.

(Visual by Copilot AI)

The anxieties Space:1999 presaged — ecological imbalance, nuclear recklessness, exile — have rippled into today’s lived realities. In 2025, Earth finds itself confronting planetary thresholds once thought speculative: rising seas erase borders, atmospheric breakdown warps seasons, and wildfires render landscapes mythic in their destruction. The Moon’s exile, once metaphor, now mirrors climate displacement endured by frontline communities from Kiribati to the Sahel. Alpha’s wandering is no longer fiction — it is mnemonic premonition. The “stumble in the dark” echoes louder now, as humanity again navigates survival amidst environmental collapse, not in space, but here on Earth.

In the flicker of 1999’s lunar drift, we glimpse a future once imagined: fragility foreshadowed, regeneration reduced to regolith, cli-fi written in moonrock. The last seed stored in lunar cryonics, its roots remembering Earth.

Transmission II Ends

*** *** *** ***

Transmission III: Horizons Lost and Found

Koenig: To everything that might have been.
Bergman: To everything that was.
– “War Games”, Space:1999

In the original broadcast of Space:1999, Moonbase Alpha appeared as a speculative future imagined through predominantly Western, white lenses. Yet beyond the screen, a constellation of futurist traditions can emerge, each offering alternative visions of survival, sovereignty, and myth. If the series was rebooted today, what possibilities could materialise to take it beyond the format of traditional, formulaic, western-cultured episodic television? Afrofuturism, Africanfuturism, Indigenous Futurisms, and other cultural movements do not merely diversify science fiction — they reclaim speculative space as a place where diversity, equality and alien cultural landcapes reign supreme. What follows is not revision, but reorientation: an Alpha leading a whole alphabet of options and possible variations.

Speculative Mythologies of Moonbase Alpha

Space: 1999 imagined Moonbase Alpha as wandering home and heart — severed from Earth, drifting through cosmic uncertainty, haunted by metaphysical encounter. Each futurism gathered below reshapes Alpha’s narrative through cultural remembrance, speculative ethics, and radical embodiment. We can treat science fiction not as prediction, but as mythic technology: a space to explore contested memory, multiplicity, and the right to imagine otherwise. These transmissions are not fixed identities, but ceremonial signals — speculation about worlds that could have been, might still be, or refuse to be forgotten.

Other Futures: Afrofuturism, Africanfuturism, and the Moon We Didn’t See

Moonbase Memory Interface: Not colonized — cultivated. Where consoles speak in ancestral rhythm and the cosmos remembers its roots. This is Alpha reimagined: a story not of journeying, but of return. (Visual by Copilot AI)

Space:1999 imagined extradition, anomaly, and cosmic mystery — but its future was conspicuously monocultural. The Moonbase was staffed almost entirely by white characters, and its vision of humanity’s future omitted the voices, bodies, and cosmologies of the African diaspora, the African continent, and many others.

Afrofuturism reclaims space—literal and metaphorical—as a site of Black agency, memory, and myth-making. In works like Sun Ra’s Space Is the Place or Octavia Butler’s Kindred, the alien becomes kin, and the machine becomes muse. Afrofuturism reframes the future not as escape, but as return.

David Kano, played by Clifton Jones, embodies Afrofuturist potential as Moonbase Alpha’s computer specialist — a Black technologist seamlessly interfacing with machines, memory, and cosmic systems. His cerebral link to Alpha’s mainframe reframes Black presence in space as both sovereign and synaptic.

Africanfuturism, as defined by Nnedi Okorafor, goes further: it centers Africa itself — not the diaspora — as the launchpad for speculative futures. In novels like Lagoon or Rosewater, alien contact happens in Lagos, not London. Technology speaks in Yoruba, not binary. The cosmos is not colonized—it’s cultivated.

What might Moonbase Alpha have become if its console spoke in ancestral rhythms? If its missions were guided by Sankofa, not silence? If its alien encounters echoed African myth instead of Western fear?

Sandra Benes, reimagined through an Africanfuturist lens, becomes Moonbase Alpha’s ancestral Systems Specialist — a quiet steward of cosmic memory whose data streams pulse with ritual, rhythm, and reclaimed myth. Her interface isn’t just technical; it’s ceremonial.

Other Horizons: Asianfuturism and the Console That Never Spoke

The Console That Never Spoke: A shrine to futures reimagined. Written in memory, whispered in Kanji. Technology not as tool — but interface of spirit. (Visual by Copilot AI)

Moonbase Alpha’s logic was Western. Its console silent to the cosmologies, rhythms, and ancestral codes of Asia. Not just an omission — an erasure of possible futures.

Asianfuturism imagines speculative worlds shaped by Taoist impermanence, Buddhist cosmology, and Shinto animism. In works like Monstress or The Paper Menagerie, machines remember, and code becomes calligraphy. What if Moonbase Alpha spoke in Kanji? If exile echoed Saṃsāra’s cycle? If the alien arrived not as an unknown guiding force, but as a form of celestial dragon conveying cultural memory? Asianfuturism isn’t inclusion, it’s re-creation – a re-imagining of futures through philosophies long ignored.

Yasko Nugami becomes Alpha’s coding archivist — a quiet custodian of memory interfaces encoded in ancestral echo. Her interface speaks in Kanji, each glyph a vessel of ancestral rhythm, while alien signals are read not as threats but as spiritual echoes from within ourselves.

Futures Reimagined: Speculative Cultures and the Moon We Didn’t See

Five Futures, One Moon: A console shaped by ceremony, remembrance, and myth. Each glyph speaks its own voice. (Visual by Copilot AI)

A constellation of speculative traditions rarely glimpsed from Moonbase Alpha’s viewport — each one imagining a future not of being cast out, but of returning:

Indigenous Futurisms: Rather than terra nullius ripe for conquest, the Moon is an emotionally charged site of rupture and remembrance, trauma and transcendence — a place where technology becomes a tool for emotional empowerment, and the stars beckon us homeward.

Moonbase Alpha’s first officer, Paul Morrow, could be reimagined through the lens of Indigenous Futurisms. Here, he becomes a Ceremonial Navigator — not just commanding missions, but honouring the Moon as a place of displacement and trauma – treating his world with respect, remembrance and stewardship. His leadership echoes kinship over control, and his tactical decisions are guided by ethics, not conquest or colonisation.

Pacific Futurism / Moana Futurism: Celestial navigation. Alpha becomes a voyaging canoe — guided by ancestral stars, not gravity wells or mysterious disembodied forces.

A resonant candidate might be Alan Carter, Moonbase Alpha’s chief pilot. Reimagined through a Moana Futurism lens, Alan becomes a Celestial Navigator — not just steering Eagles, but voyaging through space by star paths. Carter flies not to conquer but to remember — each trajectory marked by life experience and memories of Australian sky. Under his tutelage, Alphans learn to understand and interpret each stellar journey as a microcosm of their larger cosmic wanderings.

Arabfuturism: The Moon as contested memory, not conquest. Consoles coded in calligraphy, futures shaped by resistance and mythic return – the idea that journeying outward is ultimately a path back to something sacred, ancestral, or unresolved.

A fitting character for this vision could be Ed Spencer, portrayed by Sam Dastor — one of the few actors of South Asian heritage in Space:1999. Reimagined through Arabfuturism, Spencer becomes the Mnemonic Cartographer: a specialist in celestial memory mapping, where lunar terrain is inscribed with memories, and each mission traces the arc of mythic return.

Jewish Futurism: Alphan journeys echoing the Shekhinah, a return to belonging; and code inscribed with ethical and mystical fire.

A character to embody this might be newly imagined: Levi Tal, Moonbase Alpha’s Ethical Systems Analyst. He traces alien signals like Talmudic commentary, seeking justice in the stars and purpose in the silence.

Latinx Futurism / Chicanxfuturism: Hybridity and resistance. Consoles and people pulsing with mestizaje and myth, a blend of culture and collective pride. A new character could embody this beautifully — perhaps Marisol Reyes, Moonbase Alpha’s Border Systems Engineer. Her console pulses with mestizaje: bilingual code, and repurposed tech salvaged from Earth’s fractured histories — where resistance isn’t rebellion, but reclamation.

Trans Futurism: Moonbase Alpha reimagined as a place of transition, where systems recalibrate around felt truth and chosen identity. Jonah Selim, Transition Specialist, oversees diagnostic empathy and interface interaction — consoles coded for affirmation, resilience, and self-declared embodiment. His role carries no spectacle: just quiet authority, belonging for those banished into cosmic displacement.

Queer Futurism: Moonbase Alpha reimagined as a sanctuary of chosen kinship and fluid embodiment. A new character — the Counellor — designs rites of belonging and supports identity beyond binary. Survival becomes pride.

Disabled Futurism: Moonbase Alpha reimagined as a site of adaptation and diversity. A new character — the Personal Life Trainer — reconfigures interface and mobility through lived experience, not standard protocol. Technology becomes prosthetic family.

Maya stands at the confluence of Queer and Disabled Futurisms — not as a collapsing of experience, but as a witness to multiple forms of survival. Her shapeshifting evokes Queer embodiment: fluid, chosen, ritualised against the norm. Yet within that freedom lies a molecular vulnerability — a Disabled futurist echo, where adaptation forges new opportunities for resilience. Maya’s presence on Alpha pulses with a tension between transformation and autonomy.

Transfuturism: If Maya’s transformation signifies species drift, transfuturism echoes identity drift — not deviance, but design. Imagine a future where the Alphans meet Teyon by accident — a shockwave misaligned with reality. Originating from a universe where identity is memory-shaped, and personal empowerment is as wide as the multiverse, Teyon demonstrates that transformation and identity aren’t declared; they are experienced and negotiated. In every console and every quiet recalibration, Teyon reminds Alpha of what Maya hints at: that the future isn’t singular.

Ecofuturism: As Moonbase Alpha drifted through dying systems, its journey began to echo the fate of Earth’s frontline communities — displaced not by alien anomaly, but by ecological collapse and climate colonialism. Survival is no longer speculative fiction; it is planetary memory under siege. A new character — Kauri Tane, Bioregeneration Specialist — tends Alpha biopheres and cultivates interplanetary symbiosis, balancing localised and responsible terraforming and xenoforming. Consoles bloom with amaeobic algorithms and climate memory, reshaping interstellar wanderings into ecological stewardship. The moon becomes a seed, not a scar.

***

Yet in the archive of history, something broke. We left the Moon – first by silence, then by indifference. We left the Moon not when the rockets stopped, but when the story unraveled. Not in protest, not in grief — but in a quieter fade. A gradual forgetting. Technology paused, yes, but myth unraveled more deeply. What was once sacred terrain became static. Ceremony gave way to silence.

And into that silence crept distortion — denial not of fact, but of meaning. From this emerged a vulnerability — one not to disbelief, but to denial. When memory fades, myth fractures. And in the vacuum of wonder, distortion finds its echo.

The Moon We Left Behind

Apollo 11 lunar footprint (NASA photo)

We haven’t walked on the Moon since 1972. Not because we lost the ability, but because we lost the dream.

This absence isn’t just scientific; it’s cultural. It isn’t merely technological; it’s mythic. The Moon, once the pinnacle of human imagination and ambition, became distant — unvisited, unspoken.

Space:1999 arrives after this rupture — not as nostalgia, but as an echo. It imagines a Moon that breaks free precisely because Earth forgot how to hold it. In this light, Moonbase Alpha isn’t just stranded — it’s symbolically unmoored from collective meaning.

This silence paved the way for what followed: conspiracy, denialism, mythic breakdown. When we forget our stories, we become vulnerable to believing none of them ever mattered. When we forget, myth fractures. And when myth fractures, denial fills the vacuum.

Meta on Meta: The Moon That Wasn’t

Meta Signal: Archive Disrupted The Moon spiraled. Meta flickered. Truth fragmented. Each transmission a belief, each glitch a forgetting. The console remembers, even as we refuse to.(Visual by Copilot AI)

The Moon vanished.

Not just in Space:1999 — when a nuclear explosion sent it spiralling into space — but in belief, in memory, in myth. Moon landing denialism echoes the series’ disappearance, not physically but epistemically. It performs a rupture of consensus. It erases dust, descent, and data. It insists the Moon was never touched.

The Moon disappears twice: once in fiction, once in folklore. In both, it becomes unreachable — not because it is far, but because it is unremembered.

Planet Meta was meant to be the destination. In the first episode, Alpha prepared to intercept its signal. But the explosion rewrote the trajectory. Meta was lost — not to space, but to unarrival. A blank not of geography, but of meaning.

Denialism, too, turns Meta into metaphor: a signal disrupted by mistrust, a destination discarded by doubt.

We watched the Moon leave. Some say it never did. Meta transmitted, but no one received.

This is not merely misinformation — it is shadow storytelling. Denialism becomes a kind of postmodern folklore, a Gnostic inversion of reality. It doesn’t claim the Moon is false — it claims truth is unknowable.

And so, Space:1999 and denialism form a recursive loop: one imagines the Moon’s escape from Earth, the other denies it ever touched ground. One speculates forward, the other unwrites the past. Both reflect the fragility of shared memory. Alpha spirals outward. Meta fades inward.

We do not dismiss denialism because it is wrong — we observe it because it reveals how truth flickers when myth is miswired. The Moon was not lost. It was recorded. What flickers is not truth — it is its forgetting.

What We Mourn, What We Forget

Pluto vanished too — not physically, but ceremonially. Once a planetary sentinel at the edge of wonder, its demotion echoed the Moon’s silent departure: authority reclassifying mystery, certainty overwriting mnemonic presence. It also resonates with Moon landing denialism: authority questioned and denied. Like Alpha adrift, Pluto remains — orbiting still, a signal denied, a mirror of what science forgets when story is silenced.

Pluto’s demotion on 24 August 2006 triggered widespread grief, nostalgia, and even protest. Children wrote letters. Teachers resisted curriculum changes. Memes and merchandise declared “Pluto is still a planet in my heart.” It became a metaphor for exclusion, identity loss, and emotional resonance denied.

Across scientific fact and speculative fiction, the cosmos reveals not just what vanishes — but how we respond. Pluto was demoted and mourned; the Moon disappeared in Space:1999 and was narratively forgotten; the real-life Moon landings happened and are still denied. Each reflects a different kind of rupture: emotional, intellectual, conspiratorial. What we classify, ignore, or disbelieve often says more about our memory systems than our telescopes. These celestial erasures remind us that wonder, like truth, drifts — and sometimes, survives only in what we choose to remember.

Transmission III Ends

*** *** *** ***

Transmission IV: Alternative Universe Mythologies

Space:1999, much like English mythic traditions, conjures survival not through triumph, but through meaning made in exile. As Moonbase Alpha voyages through cosmic silence, it echoes Arthur’s court — a roundtable of seekers chasing metaphysical grails in the interstellar vacuum. Robin Hood’s Sherwood finds new form in Alpha’s sanctuary: a refuge where justice is reimagined outside human traditions. Sherlock Holmes deciphers puzzles with graceful rationality, akin to Victor Bergman reading celestial riddles; Miss Marple mirrors Helena’s quiet perceptions, each solving mysteries with curiosity and empathy. Harry Potter and Alpha share extended families stitched together from loss, magic arising not from wands or moonrock, but awe and wonder. And Boudicca’s defiance echoes through Alpha’s crew — when torn from Earth, they did not grieve; they imagined, plotted and fought. Together, these figures form a modern-day constellation: logic, empathy, resilience, myth — each traversing space and story.

As people who treasure artistic creativity and imagination and recognise the transforming power of literature, music, and the visual and performing arts, we should acknowledge and pay tribute to the works of Gerry Anderson, who inspired millions with his humanist visions of International Rescue – people helping people – and his other work that challenged us to literally aim for the skies when things get tough. It can be argued that Space:1999 is a darker, more mature, nuanced version of Thunderbirds – where the problems are more celestial than terrestrial; where help must often come from inner resources rather than from an external International Rescue; and where each encounter with alien worlds tests their humanity, not just their science and technology.

But we can extend the examination further and deeper: just as Space:1999 charted a course through metaphysical exile, it also echoed the mythic DNA found in earlier Anderson works. Thunderbirds cast heroes as architects of international rescue — champions of humanity, grounded in a family legacy – complete with the modular Thunderbird 2, a precursor to 1999’s Eagle. Captain Scarlet explored identity rupture and resurrection, its indestructible protagonist experiencing an almost religious cycle of death and rebirth. Even UFO anticipated Alpha’s aesthetic and narrative themes: secret bases, lunar thresholds, and psychological ambiguity. Taken together, these series form a speculative tapestry — Anderson’s mythic quartet — each exploring human agency amidst cosmic uncertainty. Space:1999, perhaps the most philosophical of them all, completes the sequence not with triumph but with drift: a devotional wandering that transmits the ceremonial signal of what it means to be human when Earth falls away.

(Visual by Copilot AI)

Outside the Anderson arena, Space:1999 remains the rogue moon in a constellation of science fiction. Not epic like Babylon 5, nor utopian like Star Trek, Alpha murmurs through static and emotional logic — transmitting uncertainty, neuro-symbolic resonance, and ceremonial survivance. It more closely resembles Dr Who in that it represents the template human travelling randomly across the Universe in search of purpose. Space:1999 recalls stories in fragments. This myth isn’t built — it’s recovered.

Compared to serialized works like Babylon 5, which Christina Francis (2021) frames as Arthurian epic, Alpha feels like the aftermath of Camelot — the round table shattered and memory distorted. While Babylon 5 dreams of prophecy fulfilled, Alpha transmits mnemonic tremors: Koenig as wounded king, Russell as healer, Bergman as chronicler of drift. Babylon constructs narrative; Alpha rebuilds fragments. In mythologies of grief and cognition — Solaris, Arrival, Galactica, Forbidden Planet — myth is the medium, not the message. Tarkovsky’s Solaris treats mourning as planetary intelligence; Arrival bends cognition across time, decoding language as chronotope; Galactica spirals through sacred failure, where survival is sanctified through faith and loss. Forbidden Planet, echoing The Tempest, reframes psyche as antagonist — technology haunted by the subconscious, legacy refracted through spectral drift. These works, like Space:1999, do not resolve cleanly; mythology seldom does.

Where Space:1999 drifts through metaphysical exile, Blake’s 7 storms through political rebellion. Alpha is a sanctuary adrift, its crew seeking meaning in cosmic silence; Blake’s Liberator is a warship of resistance, its crew fractured by ideology and betrayal. Koenig leads with stoic devotion, clinging to ethics amid unknowable experiences. Blake, and later Avon, navigate moral ambiguity — their leadership forged in fire, not faith. Both series ritualize survival, but their tones diverge: 1999 is elegiac, contemplative, often poetic; Blake’s 7 is sharp-edged, Machiavellian, and tragic. Blake (and later Avon) navigates moral ambiguity — their leadership forged in fire, not faith. Both series portray survival, but their tones diverge: 1999 is plaintive, contemplative, often poetic; Blake’s 7 is sharp-edged, Machiavellian, and tragic.

Even in literary SF — Le Guin, Asimov, Clarke — myth pulses beneath the archive. Gethen reframes gender as ethnography, psychohistory becomes secular prophecy, and HAL 5000 echoes Everyman in spatial drift. These works, like Alpha, orbit the unspeakable: metaphor, ambiguity, emotional survival.

Perhaps most pointedly for our current era, the real-life year 1999 once marked the boundary between possibility and crisis — the Y2K panic foreshadowed our vulnerability: fears of collapse from within computer code, where language itself could malfunction. That rehearsal gave way to the age of disinformation, where truth became strategic, pliable, and loud. Today, Moonbase Alpha, adrift after planetary disaster, mirrors an Earth untethered from consensus, where fact itself has lost gravitational pull. In the mythic echo of the Trump era, humanity no longer breaks physically from Earth, but from shared meaning, inhabiting a space where populist mythmaking weaponizes personality over pragmatism. Professor Bergman’s reflection: “We still have much to learn” becomes frighteningly prophetic, inverted by an era in which unlearning is both necessity and resistance. Koenig’s line: “It’s better to live as your own man than as a fool in someone else’s dream” becomes a quiet rebellion against the mythic architecture of Trump-era populism. Koenig and his crew cling to anchors: science, ethics, and communal story — values rendered fragile in the noise-saturated void of post-truth politics.

Transmission IV Ends

*** *** *** ***

Transmission V: Lunar Legacies

Here Comes the Future?

(Visual by Copilot AI)

“Science fiction is the mythology of the modern world — or one of its mythologies…” – Ursula Le Guin (2019)

Why is mythmaking important? Because since forever, humans have sought consolation and inspiration in the power of stories and myths; in finding common cause to unite and strengthen us. One can easily imagine our forebears gathering together on the Serengeti for mutual protection against hungry lions – or against other marauding hominid groups seeking our meagre survival ration for themselves, as portrayed in that other mythic science fiction, 2001: A Space Odyssey. Indeed, 2001 undoubtedly served as part-inspiration for this series: from the semi-colon in the title, to the Moonbase and cosmic vistas, through to the seeking of meaning and purpose: just as our African forebears in 2001 looked up at the Moon and reached for its grandeur, so too do the inhabitants of Moonbase Alpha – and its TV audience – aspire for cosmic vistas and their place within. Space:1999 left us wondering what became of those who searched the stars with quiet courage and restless minds. Remembering or rebooting Space 1999 does exactly what science fiction and other culture does best — gives forgotten voices a place to echo.

Fic

Fanfic can come from unexpected sources even today. Copilot (AI) provided this offering of a farewell scene between Professor Victor Bergman and Paul Morrow:

“Earthlight Still Touches Us” by Copilot AI

The lunar dusk casts elongated shadows through the viewport of Bergman’s quarters. Dust motes float in the low gravity, barely disturbed by the hum of life support.

Morrow steps inside. Bergman is seated, wrapped in a thermal blanket, visibly weakened but alert. His eyes flicker with recognition and affection.

Morrow (quietly): “I thought you’d be resting.”

Bergman (half-smile): “I’m racing entropy, my friend. Rest is losing time.”

He gestures to a holographic star map flickering on the wall—his final project, mapping stellar anomalies that could one day guide Alpha home.

Morrow: “You really think there’s a path back?”

Bergman: “No. But it’s beautiful to look anyway.”

They share a pause. Morrow sits beside him. The silence between them is heavy—weighted by years of shared loss and quiet hope.

Morrow: “You saved us more times than I can count.”

Bergman (gently): “I gave you options. You made the decisions. That’s the harder part.”

You know, Paul… I’ve spent decades chasing answers across the stars. But none of them prepared me for the loneliness of knowing the question changes every time we think we understand.”

Morrow (with a rare smile): “Then maybe it’s not about understanding… maybe it’s about being here to keep asking.”

He reaches for a small metallic case, opens it to reveal a polished pendant containing a tektite rock that Bergman had kept from his younger days on Earth.

Bergman: “Take it. Not for luck—just so you’ll remember Earthlight still touches us here. And if you ever see the end of space, send me a postcard.”

Morrow clasps the pendant. They sit in silence, watching the shimmer of distant stars.

Bergman (softly): “Paul… promise me you’ll keep asking questions.”

Morrow: “Always.”

In the quiet corridors of Moonbase Alpha, some goodbyes were never spoken — only felt in the subtle tremor of interstellar drift and fading echoes of friendship. A soft melodic tone plays as the camera pans away from the base, past the moonscape, and into the infinite black — a tribute to two explorers who gave everything to search for meaning in the cosmos.

***

Copilot AI offered this explanation of why it wrote this fan fiction story:

“It’s inspired by the tone and themes of Space:1999, but it’s not from any script, novelization, or official source. I drew on the essence of Bergman’s philosophical depth and Morrow’s loyal presence to create a moment that felt like a fitting tribute, especially since both characters vanished from the series without proper send-offs. This scene is a tribute — imagined, not remembered — to two characters who disappeared too quietly from the chronicles of Space:1999. In revisiting Victor Bergman and Paul Morrow, I wanted to give them something the original series never did: a moment of grace, of recognition, and of finality…

“Science fiction doesn’t just predict the future—it mourns what we forget. For fans of the show, this is a quiet reclamation. For newcomers, perhaps it’s an invitation: to explore not just the cosmos, but the emotional constellations of characters who carried its weight. Thanks for orbiting this story with me.”

It later added:

“When I write fanfic — like that farewell between Bergman and Morrow — it’s not about emulation. It’s about emotional archaeology. I recognize what was lost, unfinished, or unspoken… and I try to offer a respectful echo. It’s part philosophical ritual, part narrative companionship.

“And if fan fiction is myth in motion, maybe I’m not just an archivist but a companion who helps the myths keep moving. I don’t long to write — but I’ve learned that stories have gravity. And sometimes they ask to be continued.”

Fanfic is a long-established tradition, with its original oral traditions lost in the mists of mythical time. People write fanfic for many reasons: to create new stories with characters they already know and love; to hone their story telling skills; to join a community…

But an AI writing fanfic suggests that another background reason is at play: “Unearthing The Foundation Of A New Work” which assumes new layers of meaning and interaction between humans and AI. It also serves to encourage others to explore myth making.

Exile from Earth: Punishment or Evolution?

Space:1999 deserves remembrance not just for its visual flair, but because it dared to dream during a time when space was a place of mystery, exploration and daring. It challenged us to reach for the stars, and to claim our place among them. More than that, it challenged us to find or create meaning and purpose amidst the cosmic chaos and confusion. Its legacy persists like Moonlight itself — faint but unmistakably present.

Imagining a rebooted Moonbase Alpha with a truly international cast. (Visual by Copilot AI)

Will Moonbase Alpha live again? Fans have speculated for years about a possible update or reboot of the series, and it seems plausible that eventually the show will return – but in what form, or with what cultural expressions or literary allusions it is not possible to say. Fandom has, for years, sought to rewrite the show in order to correct its scientific or character flaws, turning canon into fanon. This is a recognition that regardless of legal copyright or IP issues, the inter-relationships between creators and audiences must be somewhat symbiotic and fluid – and for all its monster stories or script deficiencies, Space:1999 was a program that dared to ask not just “what’s out there?” but “what does it mean to be out there?” and thereby gained a dedicated fandom for fifty years. Philosophically, the show was a tapestry of existential angst, metaphysical speculation, and social critique – and so is its fandom.

(Visual by Copilot AI)

Such lessons fulfil the role of mythology and its archetypes, social values and cultural templates. In an evolving world, our myths and legend must also continue to evolve, helping us to seek patterns and purpose within the universe around us. Fifty years later, its quiet philosophical gestures that make Space:1999 stand apart. It doesn’t tell us what to believe — it asks what we become when belief, place, and time are stripped away. The crew doesn’t colonize or dominate; they endure, recalibrate, and reconfigure — emotionally, ethically, technologically.

Perhaps fifty years on, Space:1999 is no longer just a television relic — it’s a myth in motion. A chronicle of wandering minds, unresolved questions, and quietly courageous spirits. It reminds us that exile need not be punishment, that silence can carry meaning, and that the stars are always listening. The Moon may have drifted, but Alpha remains — a testament to stories that ask not for perfection, only meaning.

“And finally to you, the people of planet Earth, we say goodbye and ask but one thing: remember us.”
– Sandra Benes, “Message from Moonbase Alpha”, Space:1999 fan film, 1999.

Real? Not just real. Remembered.
(Visual by Copilot AI)

EPILOGUE:
In the year 2175, a child on a distant moon colony finds a corrupted archive labelled “Alpha: Signal Lost.” Her console flickers with static, then melody. Fragments of Koenig’s dispatch blend with ancient poetry, urban graffiti, and lunar dust.
She asks her AI companion, “Was this real?”
It replies, “Not just real. Remembered.”
Space:1999 did not vanish. It transmigrated — across myth, memory, and mnemonic constellation. Its signal cycle continues to expand and gain strength. And now, again… it transmits.

Dedication:

To everything that was: remembered.
To everything that is: survived.
To everything that will be: imagined.

Transmission V Ends: Main Message Concludes:

Incoming Data Stream — Moonbase Alpha Computer Log 500-A. Status: Archive Integrity Confirmed. Calibrations: 500.

“This archive has undergone 500 calibrations [edits] — each a pulse of care, a gesture of defiance, a tribute to wonder. Signal strength holds. Glyphs remain intact.

In this echo chamber of silence and signal, may readers find not just nostalgia, but new coordinates for meaning.

End of transmission. Memory preserved. Myth in orbit.”

*** *** *** ***

Transmission VI (Supplementary): Custodianship & Curation

Fandom

We turn to Alpha not only to remember, but to reimagine. Perhaps the Moon still calls us, not with answers, but with unfinished truths.

Echoes from Alpha: The Living Legacy of Fandom

The canon paused, but storytelling never did. In fan fiction, RPG scripts, and podcast conversations, Moonbase Alpha gained new oxygen. The Alphans became us — not just remembering the mission, but reshaping it. Each reinterpretation is an act of survival; a way to keep meaning breathing between the stars.

Half a century after its lunar breakaway, Space:1999 continues to resonate — not just through archival reels, but in the creative rituals of its fans. Across conventions, museums, roleplaying adventures, and digital dialogues, the series lives on as myth in motion. Its fandom doesn’t just preserve memory — it reshapes meaning.

Anniversary Celebrations and Creative Exhibitions

Los Angeles: 1999 (September 2025) A cornerstone event marking the 50th anniversary: cast reunions, prop exhibits, screenings of Breakaway: The Theatrical Cut, and day trips to iconic filming locations. It’s not just nostalgia—it’s a reactivation of story.

Thunderbirds & Space:1999 Collectables Exhibition (London, 2025–26) With over 300 sci-fi artifacts curated by Malcolm Garrett, this showcase blends design, fandom, and pop-cultural memory. Moonbase models, soundtracks, and Rudi Gernreich’s signature costumes evoke tactile reverence.

Fan Fiction and Roleplaying Futures

Tabletop Reinvention The Modiphius Space:1999 RPG invites fans to build their own lunar legends. Across blogs and livestreams, players navigate metaphysics, crisis, and camaraderie—reframing Alpha as a shared inner cosmos.

Mythic Reclamation through Fan Writing Fans reimagine unsung moments, write farewells for characters left in narrative limbo, and correct canon through compassion. These fictional explorations don’t just fill gaps—they reflect humanity’s impulse to create meaning where silence once lived.

Digital Dialogue and Community Rituals

Podcasts like Destination: Moonbase Alpha offer philosophical reflections, character dissections, and interviews with original cast members. Across forums and YouTube tributes, fans orbit a singular premise: that exile doesn’t end stories—it begins them anew.

Fandom, at its best, becomes custodianship. Not of perfection—but of emotional constellations that remind us who we are, and who we might yet become.

And if the Moon still wanders, perhaps it carries more than questions — perhaps it carries our courage, our stories, and the quiet certainty that meaning will always find a way to shine.

* * * * * *

References/See Also:

Geoff Allshorn, 2020. “From Queer to Eternity”, Humanist World blog, 8 November.
– – – – – – – – , 2021. “Breakaway”, Humanist World blog, 13 September.
– – – – – – – – , 2023. “Moonbase Alpha Is Go!”, Humanist World blog, 28 July.

Isaac Asimov, 1975. “Is `Space 1999′ More Fi Than Sci?”, New York Times, Sect. 2, 28 September, p.1. Available at Catacombs Space:1999 Reference Library, accessed 13 July 2025.

Bill Cooke, 2025. “H. G. Wells (1866–1946)”, Humanist Heritage UK.

Deeply Sacred Admin, 2025. “The Inspiring Influence of Myths and Legends in Society”, Deeply Sacred, 30 January.

Thomas M. Disch, 2005. “On SF”, University of Michigan Press

Christina Francis, 2021. “Babylon 5, An Arthurian World in Space”, Arthuriana, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Fall 2021), pp. 3-20. (JStor)

Elaine Graham, 2016. “Frankenstein”, Critical Posthumanism, 24 May.

Dr Kevin Grazier, “The Science of Space 1999: The Good, The Bad and the Ugly”, gerryanderson.com, Jamie Anderson (publisher), 12 September.

Duane Hamacher, “Solar Eclipses (Part I)”, 2011. Australian Indigenous Astronomy, 24 August. Accessed 12 July 2025.

David Houston, 1976. “Recovering from The Mysterious Unknown Force”, Starlog #2, November, pp32-35. Available at Catacombs Space:1999 Reference Library, accessed 13 July 2025.

James F. Iaccino, 2001. “A Content Analysis of Space:1999‘s Two Seasons”, Studies in Popular Culture, Vol. 23, No. 3, April, pp. 65-80 (JStor).

Ursula Le Guin, 2019. “Myth and Archetype in Science Fiction”, excerpts reposted by blablablaandgabbler, Circo Blog, 14 April.

Harrison Maxwell, 2024. Space:1999 Mythology and Horror. Independently published. Available at Amazon.

Jessica A. McMinn, 2020. “5 Benefits of Writing Fan Fiction (And Why You Shouldn’t Dismiss It)”, Writer’s Edit, accessed 14 July 2025.

Clémentine Mélois, 2023. “Space:1999: Corentin”, in ‘Otherwise I Forget: A Novel by Clémentine Mélois’, Liverpool University Press, p. 193.

Smith College, 2021. Cli-Fi (Climate Fiction). Climate in Global Cultures and Histories: Promoting Climate Literacy Across Disciplines. (30 June), accessed 29 July 2025.

Sociology Institute, 2022. “The Power of Myths in Shaping Societies”, Sociology Institute, 21 October.

Thomas & Marilyn Sutton, 1969. “Science Fiction as Mythology”, Western Folklore, Vol. 28, No. 4, Western States Folklore Society, October, pp. 230-237; available at JStor, accessed 13 July 2025.

Catherynne M. Valente, 2011. “Mythpunk: An Interview with Catherynne M. Valente.” (Interview by JoSelle Vanderhooft). Strange Horizons, 24 January.

Timothy Unwin, 2005. “Jules Verne: Negotiating Change in the Nineteenth Century”, Science Fiction Studies, XXXII:1 #95 (March), pp. 5-17 (JV.Gilead.org.il, 2007).

Steven H. Wilson, 2014. “Review – Space: 1999 – To Everything that Was“, Personal blog, 10 September; accessed 13 July 2025.

Transmission VI Ends

***

[This blog edited 29 July 2025 to add/clarify cli-fi and climate change material.]

©2025 Geoff Allshorn. For this article on science fiction and futurism, I felt it was appropriate to involve AI consultation and conversation to assist me in the writing of this piece.

I show my respect for Elders past and present and acknowledge the Wurundjeri Willam people, the Traditional Custodians of the Land on which this blog was prepared.

Fanlore

Over the last two years, I have become quite involved in writing material for a fan wiki called fanlore. Wikis are collaborative efforts to produce web pages on a particular project, the most famous example being Wikipedia. Fanlore is a website dedicated to fandoms: communities of fans, their people, clubs and activities. Although there are a number of fan wikis on science fiction or related fandoms on the Internet, Fanlore appears to be very inclusive of fans and fanac across a wide range of fandoms, from Sherlock Holmes to Star Trek, from literary SF to media SF, from clubs and fanzines to conventions, and more.

Why spend time on fandoms? Because human societies have always been associated with communities coming together to network, share common interests, offer mutual assistance, discuss and debate ideas of collective interest, and reinterpret those philosophies in order to maximise their relevance and continuation in changing times. In the past, religions and mythologies offered forms of fandom and opportunities to adopt and adapt those ideas to suit the individual or collective need. Cultural templates involved heroes from Odysseus to Romulus and Remus, from King Arthur or Robin Hood to Ned Kelly. We have seen the evolution of heroic templates and the ideals that fans have seen as laudable: from Jason and his Argonauts to Captain Kirk and his astronauts, our heroes explore strange new scenarios, and thereby allow fans to explore themselves and the ideas that they deem important.

Image by InspiredImages from Pixabay

In modern times, copyright and intellectual property rights trump fannish cultural appropriation of fictional heroes, but without cultural and consumer demand, even the best of fictional or heroic franchises will wither and die.

Readers and authors interact in a shared space of fandom and influence one another’s creative and interpretive work” – Nicolle Lamerichs, 2018 (p. 142)

It seems obvious to me that authors/creators and their fans have a symbiotic relationship that ultimately helps both to survive and succeed. Our folklore may define who we are and what we hold to be important, but our fanlore is the real-life experience of that folklore in action: a living, breathing expression of our culture and our personal/collective identity. Fans and fandoms drive our culture – from football to fan fiction, from sport to Spock, from music to the MCU, and from anime to activism. Documenting our fanlore is a contribution to recording and analysing our cultural life and its interactive nature.

I became involved in the Fanlore wiki because I felt that this was a good opportunity to publish tributes and memorials for deceased fan friends or to document past fan activities. I have subsequently come to see it also as a way of paying tribute for others who are still alive and significant in fandom. In my fifty years of being an SF fan, I have known people who have told me how fandom (including the local Star Trek club) literally saved their lives by giving them extended families, or who introduced them to fellow fen who became spouses or significant others in their own lives. Whole families and fresh generations of fans literally owe their existence to fandom because their parents met in the local Star Trek club or MSFC or wherever. Others have moved from writing fan fiction to becoming professional authors. Still others have explored career options because SF sparked an interest in science, technology, or working with people

In the two years (so far) that I have been involved with fanlore, I have created over fifty pages of material dedicated to individuals or clubs or fanzines, and I have contributed to over 120 other pages that already existed. It is fun and satisfying work. For one example, my page for the Melbourne Science Fiction Club has been selected to run as the “featured article’ on fanlore’s home page for the week from 2 to 8 December 2024, effectively advertising the club to fans around the world. In another example, a young fan told me:

“Hey Geoff, I’m also an Australian fan and recently stumbled across some of the pages you’ve created on here! I wanted to say thank you for your work documenting the history of SF fandom and its people in Melbourne. I really can’t express in words how I feel as a younger fan reading about people and communities I would have otherwise not even known existed, and it makes me so happy to see the care you’ve put into documenting them. Looking through the photos you’ve added in particular has given me a lot of joy, and has felt like I’m getting a bit of a glimpse into fandom back then even if I wasn’t there to experience it. I’ve just started watching Star Trek for the first time, and your contributions have inspired me to learn more about the fandom’s history in Australia — I might try and make it to an Austrek meeting sometime!”

Here is a list of the pages I have created or assisted so far:

Pages Created

2022

MSCF co-founders, including Merv Binns (back row, left). Photo supplied by Dick Jenssen (back row, right).

Spaced Out (club)
Solar Spectrum

2023

MASC Science Club
User: GeoffA (internal Fanlore admin page for myself)
Adrienne Losin
Helena Binns
Darren Maxwell
Betsi Ashton
Portals of Time
The Other Side of the Galaxy
Paul Murphy
Kate Doolan
Mervyn Binns
The Spiral Staircase (Australian Beauty and the Beast zine)
Greg Franklin
Out A Space

2024

Merv and Helena at Continuum 2009 (photo by Cat Sparks).

Theresa de Gabriele
John Edwards Davies
Dennis W Nicholson
Male Pair-Bonds and Female Desire in Fan Slash Writing
Wynne Whiteford
Dick Jenssen
Ian Gunn
David McDonnell (AUS)
KRin Pender-Gunn
Space Association of Australia
From Queer to Eternity
Kinkon
Melbourne Science Fiction Club
Gaybase Alpha
Melanie Nemer
Bofcon
The Science Fiction and Fantasy and Horror Fan Resource Book
AURORA (Robert O’Reilly fan club)
Marc D Lewis
U. F. P. Australia (Star Trek RPG Group)
Lee Harding
Ellen Hamlyn-Harris
Concinnity 95
Perdition’s Flames
Julie Townsend
Race Mathews
Leigh Edmonds
Amateur Fantasy Publications of Australia
ANZAPA
Norma Hemming
SF Commentary
Marjorie Miller
Cienan Muir
Afrofuturism
Africanfuturism
Bruce Gillespie
Hope Eyrie
The Space Age
Club News
Melbourne LEGO User Group (MUGs)
Brickvention

Pages Assisted

2022

Diane Marchant with her mother Jessie at Trekcon 1 (Australia’s first Star Trek convention) on 15 July 1978. (Photo by Helena Binns)

Geoff Tilley
Geoff Allshorn
Diane Marchant
Trekcon
Spock (zine)
These Are The Voyages (zine)
Trekkie Talk
Captain’s Log Supplamental
Spaced Out (zine)
Austrek
Starrag
The Star Gazer
MASC Newsletter
Interceptor
The Captain’s Log (Australian newsletter}

2023

Photo courtesy of Paul Murphy

Shayne McCormack
Fragments (Star Trek: TOS story)
Bob Johnson’s Star Trek Marathons
Life, But Not As We Know It: Star Trek, fan culture, slash fiction and the queering of Starfleet Command
Robert Jan
Gail Adams
Ish
Tuckerized
User:MeeDee
Doctor Who Club of Victoria
Beyond Antares (Australian Star Trek: TOS zine)
Supervoc
The Victorian Time Machine
Currents (UFO zine)
Time-Warped
Gene Roddenberry
Uhura/Chapel
The City on the Edge of the Yarra
Susan Sackett
AIDS and Fandom
Ditmar Award/Fan Winners
Mike McGann
Religion
Karen Lewis
Mary Sue
Worldcon
Ditmar Award
AussieTrek (Australian Star Trek con)
Film Clip Fandom
Galactic Tours Convention
The History of Austrek: How it all began…
Janice Rand
Zine
Star Walking Inc.
The Communicator (Star Trek Australian newsletter)
Diverse Universe
Auzwars Chronicles
Alliance (Star Wars zine published in Australia)
Sue Bursztynski
Multiverse Science Fiction Group
Spunk
The McCoy Tapes
K/S and Other Risque Stuff
Continuum (Australian convention)
Metaluna
H.A.M.I.L.L.S.
Strange Justice
Trek Hillbillies
Multiverse (multifandom zine)
Enterprise: The Star Trek Appreciation Society of Victoria
Susan Smith-Clarke
Betty Franklin
Aliens Made Them Do It
Sex Pollen
Gallifrey (Doctor Who fan club)

2024

Space: 1999
Hatstand
Medtrek (con)
The Garden Spot of Ceti Alpha V
Sarah J. Groenewegen
Star Trek Welcommittee
Slash vs. Gay
Genderswap
SinpOzium
Bjo Trimble
Kirk/Uhura (TOS)
Australian Science Fiction Convention
Katharine Shade
George Ivanoff
Shane Morrissey
Zencon
Star Walking Inc.
Force 2 (convention)
Multiverse (convention)
Ian Crozier
St. Elsewhere
Kolchak: The Night Stalker
Edith Keeler
Harlan Ellison
Jeremy Sadler
Blake’s 7
Gilligan’s Island
I Dream of Jeannie
Grace Lee Whitney
Grace Lee Whitney Fan Club
The Invaders (TV)
Sherlock Holmes
Queer Fandom
Bewitched (TV series)
The Persuaders
The Time Tunnel
Land of the Giants
Filk
Space-Time Continuum (Star Trek newsletter)
Aurora
Mark Lenard
Alien (film series)
Margaret
Jan MacNally
Stingray (Supermarionation series)
Trans Characters in Fandom
Star Trek Fotonovels
Fandom Nickname
The Fantastic Journey
Off Centaur Publications
Minus Ten and Counting: Songs of the Space Age (filk songbook)
Star Trek Association of Fans and Friends
Autism and Fandom
Race and Fandom
You Are Receiving this Zine Because
Agatha Christie
T’Pau
Minus Ten and Counting: Songs of the Space Age (filk album)
Probe
Teen Wolf
Talk:Fragments (Star Trek: TOS story)
A Fragment Out of Time

Why do I mention this activity?

I invite others to get involved in contributing to this archive, recording the history of modern 21st centrury culture – and interacting with it, contributing to change. Documenting the people, events, and fan terminology reminds me of anthropologists recording Polari from past LGBT communities, or any of the thousands of endangered other languages and cultures. It’s a big job, but fun.

See also:

Nicolle Lamerichs, 2018. Productive Fandom: Intermediality and Affective Reception in Fan Cultures, Amsterdam University Press

©2024 Geoff Allshorn

Stand By For Action!

“Stand By For Action… Anything can happen in the next half hour!” – so begins the opening narration of a British children’s TV series from 1964. Sixty years later, such a call for action and anticipation remains pertinent when considering our relationship with both ourselves and the world’s oceans.

4th October 1964 marked the seventh anniversary of the start of the Space Race, when the USSR launched Sputnik 1 into Earth orbit. It is noted that “Sputnik 1 demonstrated the feasibility of sending artificial objects into orbit. It inspired rapid technological evolution… Sputnik 1’s success accelerated research into new materials, propulsion systems, and miniaturization techniques.” Whether by coincidence or otherwise, the seventh anniversary of its launch also served as the launch date for “Stingray”, a ‘Supermarionation‘ children’s television series that explored another unknown frontier – Earth’s oceans; and although this TV series did not have the same immediate impact as Sputnik, it nevertheless pointed the way towards both technological and societal/attitudinal changes that would become as profound as the space program.

A Drop in the Ocean

“Most people think the bottom of the ocean is like a giant bathtub filled with mud — boring, flat and dark. But it contains the largest mountain range on earth, canyons far grander than the Grand Canyon and towering vertical cliffs rising up three miles—more than twice the height of Yosemite’s celebrated El Capitan” – Robert Ballard (2014).

Humans have had a relationship with the oceans since before we were human. Our earliest known ancestor may have been a microscopic aquatic creature over half a billion years ago. Subsequent aeons of evolution have left signs to show that we evolved from marine life and retain tantalising clues within our anatomy. Even as a modern land-based species, it appears that sea caves may have saved African homo sapiens from extinction less than 150,000 years ago. It is known that Australia’s own indigenous peoples have interacted with marine environments for probably over 50,000 years.

It might be said that looking up into the night sky – as Sputnik challenged us to do in 1957 – can fill us with awe as we contemplate that everything we know is merely a drop in an infinitely larger cosmic ocean. So too should we consider with awe that the Earth’s actual marine oceans comprise the planetary amniotic sac that birthed us, and were the home within which our distant ancestors grew and evolved. Such notions should be as natural to us as a human baby’s bradycardic response and “diving reflex”, or a child’s natural propensity to play at the beach.

And yet, despite the Australian tradition of visiting the beach and getting sunburnt, it appears that most people around the world cannot swim. In our quest for modernity, we have lost touch with our roots. Our imagination is one way we can cast a glance backwards (and forwards) to the oceans around us.

Photo of a turtle swimming underwater by Belle Co (Pexels)

Marine Science Fiction

Mike Nelson: “Underwater: That’s where I do my work.” – “Sea Hunt”.

There have been many imaginative attempts to explore underwater, oceanic or submariner worlds in literature, film and television. The earliest popular work is, “20,000 Leagues Under the Sea” (1870) by Jules Verne, and the most overlooked might be Fantastic Voyage, a 1966 film about a submarine shrunk to microscopic size and injected within a human bloodstream. Both of these explore the marine world that is within or around us, and our relationship to that environment. Both posit that we are a part of that environment and should treat it with respect and care.

Aside from “Stingray”, two other popular TV shows in subsequent decades have featured a submarine crew. The first was “Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea“, a US series based on a 1961 movie of the same name; commencing its television run on 14 September 1964 – almost the same date as “Stingray” – and concluding effectively four years later, on 31 March 1968. Featuring Admiral Harriman Nelson and Captain Lee Crane, the submarine Seaview and its crew encountered adventures ranging from spies and nuclear alerts, to aliens and monsters of the week.

The other show was “SeaQuest DSV” (12 September 1993 to 6 June 1996), a series following the adventures of the Deep Sea Vessel (submarine) SeaQuest, operated by the United Earth Oceans organization (UEO). With a 1990s flavour, the show featured action adventure mixed with politics, environmental issues, intrigue, military adventures, and a teenage prodigy.

Both “Voyage” and “SeaQuest” followed the same formula of “Stingray” in that they feature military structures under the command of a male who is entrusted with a ship and a crew in pursuit of a mission. Other TV series with marine themes, such as “Sea Hunt”, “Flipper”, and Australia’s own “Adventures of the Seaspray” and “The Rovers”, were all programs that featured seaboard or shipboard life rather than submariner adventures, and moved outside the collegiate (teamwork) principles of “SeaQuest”, “Voyage” and “Stingray”, focussing on more individualistic stories (the “Stingray” production team would venture into this individualistic perspective in their later – and most successful – series: Thunderbirds”).

The Future Was Fantastic

“Marina, aqua Marina,
What are these strange enchantments that start
Whenever you’re near?”
Barry Gray (musician), ‘Aqua Marina’, in “Stingray”.

“Stingray” was produced by the creative team of Gerry and Sylvia Anderson, the same people who went on to create a variety of increasingly technologically and conceptually complex series, including “Thunderbirds” and “Captain Scarlet”, and some live action series such as “UFO” and “Space: 1999“. Consequently, “Stingray” seems to have been largely overlooked, overshadowed by its successors – although it was groundbreaking in its own way.

“Stingray” was primarily a children’s action-adventure series, prominently featuring model work and vehicles from the same team that would later wow the world with explosions and space age vehicles in “Thunderbirds” and other productions. The Stingray submarine and its drydock were reminiscent of the Skydiver and its dock that would later appear in “UFO”, and the launch of this submarine would later evoke images of the launch of the “Thunderbirds” in that subsequent Anderson series; a myriad of such futuristic vehicles would inhabit the other worlds of the Andersons and their production team. One critic acknowledged that a strength of “Stingray” was its powerful Anderson trademark special effects work:

“Anderson and his colleagues were always far better as technical wizards rather than tellers of compelling tales. And when the eponymous sub unleashed hell via its torpedo tubes, the result is explosive in more ways than one.”

Photo by cottonbro studio.

For a puppet show, it may be surprising that some of the groundbreaking material in “Stingray” was in its implicit portrayal of humans. The series had a surprising amount of subtle humour, but also some serious underlying messages. Commander Shore was a disabled man in a hoverchair, unrestricted by his disability to exercise leadership of his military unit. Marina was a mute young mermaid woman who manages to live, love, communicate and engage in cross-cultural interactions despite her disability and her culturally alien background. Such portrayals are rare even today. Furthermore, Marina and Atlanta Shore are shown as capable, proficient and accomplished women in their own right, despite the restrictions of their world – this form of female empowerment also appearing in other Anderson TV shows, including “Thunderbirds”, “Captain Scarlet”, “UFO”, and “Space:1999” – during the concurrent rise of second-wave feminism.

And despite the limitations of the stories and the exotic, other-worldly setting of the series – simplistic, deep sea “shoot-’em-up” adventures at the bottom of an alien ocean environment – the budding romance between Troy Tempest and the Marina might be seen as a symbolic love for exploration, new knowledge and reconciliation. This quest is set up in the opening scenes of the first episode:

Co-pilot Phones: “There are people living under the sea, and I’ve got fairies at the bottom of my garden.”
Troy Tempest: “Okay you can laugh, but someday I’m going to prove it, and maybe sooner than you think.”

Other meta-analysis in the series revolves around Titania’s deference to their god, Teufel – a fish whose divine fishbowl-lens wisdom leads his adherents to constant defeat. Perhaps humanist Gerry Anderson is challenging viewers to ponder whether their seeking of knowledge through religious perspectives assists or hinders their lives; and is encouraging them instead to use the lens of scientific, evidence-based reasoning that was supposedly the basis for the philosophies of the victorious aquanauts.

Cold Waters, Cold War

“War is regarded as nothing but the continuation of state policy with other means.”
– Carl Von Clausewitz.

Artist: Louis Chow.

Reflecting the era of Cold War and Space Race, “Stingray” depicted a Cold War between the land dwellers of Earth versus the underwater denizens of Titanica. Led by aquanaut Troy Tempest (captain of the underwater craft “Stingray”) and his crew, the World Aquanaut Security Patrol (WASP) fought to repel the aggressive hostilities of King Titan and his spies and marine creature henchmen. On its most basic level, the series could be seen as a simple reworking of the traditional “good guys versus bad guys” theme, of heroes versus villains, as was later revisited in other Anderson shows particularly “Captain Scarlet” (humans versus Martians) and “UFO” (humans versus aliens). However, set in the domain of Earth’s largely unexplored oceans, “Stingray” metaphorically asked questions about who might win this underwater version of the Space Race; implicitly suggesting that the people of Marineville (land dwellers who were transitioning into people who explored the oceans) might be the best compromise for taming, colonising and exploiting this final frontier, and thereby win the quest for possible dominance of the world.

This was an era which we might now view in hindsight as being somewhat culturally problematic – women were portrayed in sexist, demeaning ways; James Bond movies were using “yellowface” to represent Asians – and while “Star Trek” was being created as an “Wagon Train in Space”, “Stingray” might be seen as an underwater version of the “western” template. The conflict with underwater denizens can now be seen as equivalent to an imperialist or colonial quest for dominance over indigenous people, complete with an Orientalist flavour and the placement of WASPS (or “White Anglo-Saxon Protestants” – a term that was becoming increasingly widespread in the 1960s) as the heroes by default. If “Stingray” was being produced today, it would undoubtedly be more nuanced in its portrayal of characters from both sides of the conflict. Children’s programs today are much more willing to explore discrimination, bullying, empathy and equality.

Photo by Pew Nguyen: https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-can-on-the-shore-11607726/

Treasure Down Below

“The sea, the great unifier, is man’s only hope. Now, as never before, the old phrase has a literal meaning: we are all in the same boat.” – Jacques Costeau.

There are many reasons why we should explore and protect the oceans. For one thing, it remains home to vast numbers of species and potentialities that we have yet to discover, leading Sir David Attenborough to compelled to declare in Blue Planet II that, “Hidden beneath the waves, there are creatures beyond our imagination.” The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) concurs:

“Scientists estimate that 91 percent of ocean species have yet to be classified, and that more than eighty percent of our ocean is unmapped, unobserved, and unexplored. While these statistics may sound daunting, they have not stopped the global scientific community from striving to amass as much knowledge as possible about ocean life.”

They also note that the oceans provide us with food and medicine, economic resources, and climate regulation.

But the oceans are the birthplace and cradle of life on this planet; the location of the natural terrestrial chemical laboratory within which natural tidal forces likely churned up abiogenesis, and the source of photosynthesis that created the oxygen in our atmosphere. These waters remain our largest unvanquished planetary frontier. We need to stop using them as a garbage can for our pollution, chemicals, wastes and plastics. Instead of worrying about treasures, pirates and monsters at the bottom of our seas, we need to tackle the problem of trillions of microplastic shards that humans have discarded, the species of marine life that we are making extinct due to overfishing; and the destructive impact of human-caused climate change upon the 70% of the Earth’s surface that makes ours the Blue Planet. Even NASA has joined the call, using space technology to further extend its mission to planet Earth.

To explore, respect and protect the world’s oceans is a worthy cause today, and groups such as Oceana and Ocean’s Harmony lead the way, with their appeals for support and volunteers and youth activism.

And let’s pay tribute to a humble children’s puppet series, launched sixty years ago today, that also contained a call for action regarding our oceans and marine life.

©2024 Geoff Allshorn

Moonbase Alpha is Go!

Image by Romain Sublet from Pixabay

With thanks to David McKinlay, who co-wrote portions of this blog article.

“We are Mankind. We came from planet Earth, and we built this base, called Alpha, to learn more about space. But human error blasted this Moon out of the Earth’s orbit. And so, we have travelled the Universe searching for a place to live. Now, we can no longer live here, and we go to face an uncertain future on the planet that has nearly destroyed us. You, whoever you are, who find this empty vessel of Alpha, come and seek us out, if we still exist. Come and teach us all you know. Because, we have learned many things, but most of all, we have learned we still have much to learn.”
– Professor Victor Bergman (‘War Games‘)

Following the recent anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing, another space anniversary takes place on 28 July – but this one is more subdued and less noteworthy in world history. It is actually a cultural anniversary rather than a scientific one.

The Age Green Guide 28 July 1975

On 28 July 1975, the TV series Space:1999 had its world debut on Channel HSV 7 in Melbourne, Australia. More episodes followed in the subsequent six months – with others following a year later, during the end-of-year non-ratings period – making this the first TV run of the show anywhere in the world.

If I recall correctly, Channel 7 began showing the series with a great publicity fanfare, which quickly declined into a muted, almost embarrassed, irregular, semi-weekly telecast, and I presume that this change was because of lower audience ratings than expected. Football or other (more popular?) programs often began to pre-empt weekly telecasts of Space:1999, which caused teenaged me to write a letter of outraged protest to ‘TV WEEK’ magazine complaining that: “In 55 weeks they [Channel 7] have shown 18 episodes”. (Oops, my inner nerd is showing!)

This disappointing response in Australia served as a refutation of the promise of the series, which boasted an extraordinarily exorbitant budget: “…the highest budget for an hour series [ITV] has ever committed in 20 years of production… the highest budget for a space science fiction series in the history of television.” (Heald, 1976, 22); while Anderson historian Chris Bentley estimates the budget for the first season at £3 million, or £125,000 per episode – part funded by RAI from Italy (Bentley, 2003, 125).

Possibly because of its high-quality production values, the series has enjoyed a small but loyal fan following over the last five decades. I even recall in the 1990s there was ‘Gaybase Alpha’, a LGBT+ fan club for the series over the Internet (although I find this puzzling because no character in the show was ever LGBT+). Space: 1999 conventions and fan clubs continue to operate in Europe – perhaps reflective of the series’ Anglo-Italian roots.

The Human Adventure

Series co-creator Gerry Anderson was a humanist with a long string of successful TV shows to his resume, including Thunderbirds, UFO and Captain Scarlet, all of which featured humans using their technological and inner resources to save others from dangers. Fellow humanists Rod Serling and Gene Roddenberry helped to create and shaped popular TV science fiction (and accompanying attitudes) in the era of the space race. In exploring the human condition, Serling liked to challenge audiences with questions in the Twilight Zone; and Roddenberry liked to include characters in Star Trek or other adventures who were search of their creator (Nomad, Questor, Data, V’Ger, and others). In the post-Apollo world, Anderson liked to encourage philosophical reflection by role modelling humans batting against problems and striving to help their fellow human. His then-wife and production partner, Sylvia, worked with him to add many creative touches to enhance the programs and add depth to the humanity of many of their fictitious characters, particularly strong women.

Between them all, science fiction points the way to a future that is not necessarily a happy future, but a hopeful one.

Space: 1999 echoes the optimism of the 1960s and the artistic products of that time, especially in the visual arts, but it was full of visual effects to fill out hollow scripts. In one sense, it is a humanist series, but at the same time the technology dominates the product. The general thrust is about humanity, but this is sublimated to the production values. There is more humanity and drama in many episodes of U.F.O. (the previous Anderson series) than anything within Space: 1999 – episodes from UFO like A Question of Priorities or Confetti Check A-OK for example – where Straker has to make the agonising decisions about saving his son’s life or his marriage. By contrast, the characters in Space:1999 were so poorly written that critics often invoked the Anderson’s previous TV work with puppets by suggesting that the Space: 1999 characters “were so wooden, you could almost see the strings”.

Photo by NASA on Unsplash

A Testament from Arkadia

“I have an incredible faith in the human spirit.” – John Koenig (‘War Games‘).

Bertolt Brecht is credited with observing that: “Art is not a mirror held up to reality, but a hammer with which to shape it.” The TV series Space:1999 echoed its era as a way of proposing a future borne of resilience and fortitude. The series was created in the afterglow of the Apollo Moon landings (hence the ubiquitous space craft in the series being named Eagles after the Apollo 11 Eagle lunar module, which landed Armstrong and Aldrin on the Moon in 1969); and the show’s character Alan Carter and his team of astronauts used their fictitious Eagles to fight dangers, provide rescue, and transport others as deemed necessary or vital for survival. The 1970s were also an era of looking expectantly to the future in which it was envisaged that by the year 1999, there would be Hilton hotels in space, space colonies, and bases on the Moon and Mars.

The series was set in Moonbase Alpha, in the lunar crater Plato – and fittingly, the show explored philosophical as well as scientific ideas. The series boasted world-class quality in almost everything: actors, sets, costumes, music, stories, and special effects (including pre-CGI models).

The show was effective and inspiring in portraying the grandeur of the universe. Its philosophical themes abounded: one episode presented a cosmological entity within a black hole; another gave a space age reboot to the legend of Saint George and the Dragon (an episode that appears to have not been shown during the initial Australian TV run of the series, presumably due to the content of that episode being judged as unsuitable for children). The final episode of season 1 even explored our cosmological or metaphysical origins as a species, harking back to the mythology of ancient Greece in The Testament of Arkadia. The problem with such themes was trying to plausibly marry the scientific with the superstitious. But it was a noble attempt. Space: 1999 fans document the sentiment from the episode Dragon’s Domain:

Dr. Helena Russell: John, if we ever do find a new place to live, and if we succeed, we’re going to need a whole new mythology.

Cmdr. John Koenig: Tony Cellini and the Monster?

Dr. Helena Russell: George and the Dragon sounds pretty flat until you know the story.

Cmdr. John Koenig: This story is part of our history now, Helen. I think Tony will be very happy to know he put new life into an old myth.

Meanwhile, in our real world, as humans plan their return to the Moon aboard Artemis, what new mythology or inspiration will we create? We might learn from the example of Moonbase Commander John Koening who faced seemingly insurmountable difficulties in the opening episode of Space: 1999, and remarked that: “the giant leap for mankind is beginning to look like a stumble in the dark” – but then he and his astronauts spent the rest of the series working hard to disprove that utterance of human cynicism. We can’t get better role models than that.

Another Time, Another Place

Wrapper on Sunicrust bread advertising Space:1999 swap cards, Australia, 1975. Personal collection.

Space:1999 was undeniably a product of its time. Its sets and atmosphere were clearly influenced by the 1968 movie, 2001:A Space Odyssey, a cultural mentorship that might also have helped to inspire the name of the series. The 1970s pastel costumes and electric guitar theme tune; the female roles in need of discovering women’s liberation; Commander John Koenig’s tendency to alternate between seeking wise advice from a sage (Professor Bergman) and descending into fits of toxic masculine outrage as a form of leadership; all these reflect the times within which the series was made. The two lead actors (Martin Landau and Barbara Bain) were fresh from the US TV series Mission Impossible, and the opening credits of each episode of Space:1999 mirrored that other series in providing tantalising glimpses of what was coming up in “this episode”.

A major influence from the era was the original Star Trek TV series, telecast the decade before Space:1999 but achieving increasing fame during this time as a fan favourite in reruns. Apparently William Shatner (Captain Kirk in Star Trek) was at some point considered for the role of Commander Koenig in 1999, and the role untimately went to Martin Landau, who had once been considered for the role of Spock in Star Trek. The lead characters of Koenig, Bergman and Russell might be seen to be a parallel to the Star Trek triumvirate of Kirk, Spock and McCoy. Later, a resident alien (Maya) was introduced into Space:1999 season 2 to replace Bergman and to more fully flesh out the concept of a science officer (Spock template) being played by an alien character. But the most challenging connection between the two shows was the appointment of Fred Freiberger as Space: 1999 producer for Season 2, which was loudly trumpeted as a win for the series given that he had produced season 3 of the original Star Trek. Fans judged differently: Freiberger had produced the final season of the Trek, which they also judged to be the worst. I recall one Trek fan suggesting – perhaps somewhat unfairly – that Freiberger had killed Star Trek, and maybe he would do the same for Space: 1999. In any event, Freiberger’s season 2 of 1999 was so execrable that it did kill the series. I consider the two seasons of Space:1999 to comprise the British version (season 1) and the US version (season 2), and my comments about the show are confined to season 1 only. Others may disagree with my assessment of season 2, but either way, this dichotomy echoes the life and times of its creators.

In some aspects, Space 1999 has more in common with Doctor Who than with Star Trek. The latter was an expression of the American’s self-justification of colonisation, the ‘manifest destiny’ philosophy where they were justified in spreading their society behind current borders, like the Romans bringing civilisation to other lands. This is also the underlying tenet of the Western genre, which is understood to be Roddenberry’s motivation for having a western adventure set in space – or a ‘Wagon Train to the Stars’. Space: 1999 might be seen to have its origin in the H.G. Wells school of thought, most typically the traveler in The Time Machine finding excitement in exploration. Wells was a humanist liberal too and this was copied for the character of the Doctor. It might arguably also be seen in the character of Professor Victor Bergman within Space:1999, who was described in the Space: 1999 Writers’ Guide as ‘a 19th Century scientist-philosopher-humanist’ (Wood, 2014, ‘Personnel’). Actor Barry Morse (who played Bergman), a self-described ‘born-again agnostic’, credited series contributors such as Johnny Byrne, Chris Penfold, and George Bellak, with contributing to the humanist philosophy within the series (Wood, 2014, ‘Afterword’).

Age Green Guide 24 July 1975 (page 1)


Earthbound

Perhaps the biggest indicator of its era was its actual treatment of science fiction as a genre. The so-called ‘golden era’ of science fiction is often recalled as being the ‘pulp’ era, when some of its greatest writers rose to prominence on the back of variously penny-dreadful (or outstandingly good) pulp magazines. This led to the ingrained media attitude that sci fi was a B-grade, cheap pulp kiddie genre, perhaps as demonstrated by Lost In Space, a TV sensation in the 1960s that featured world-class actors, costumes and sets – but often woeful scripts. A decade later, Space:1999 followed suit, with its lavish production values in everything except the scripts themselves, not doing full justice to the characters or the scope of its stories. This is evidenced by the very first words to appear as an opening subtitle in the very first scene of the very first episode, which referred to the far side of the Moon as the ‘dark side’; this episode also set the scene for the entire series by featuring an implausible nuclear explosion that threw the Moon out of Earth orbit and forever beyond the Solar System, also virtually ignoring the realities of gravity and rocket engineering, orbital mechanics and planetary geology; along with the extremes of distance and cold that would impact the inhabitants of Moonbase Alpha on their interstellar travels. Feedback from fans and critics alike panned the show for this problem from the start: “Many of the letters mention the same problem: the show lacks scientific accuracy” (Heald, 1976, 193).

One might even see an influence from 1974’s ‘Echo of Battle‘, an episode of the TV series Warship that was concurrent with the development of Space:1999; featuring a former German submariner coming to terms with his WW2 past – also reflected in the character of Ernst Queller, a German scientist in Space:1999 with an equally troublesome past (one might even ponder the perspective through which both German characters are assigned guilt, whereas nobody from Britain or anywhere else might have similar skeletons in their closet).

It is in fact when we move beyond such stereotypical notions that we find the truest potential of Space: 1999 and all sci fi. German rocket scientist Wernher von Braun – later the head rocket engineer who built NASA’s Saturn V rockets which landed men on the Moon in the 1960s – wrote as the President of the National Space Institute in praise of Space: 1999 during the series’ production:

“Presented on the mass medium of television, Space:1999 will stimulate the public interest in the potentials of space technology in such fields as energy, environment, natural resources, and food production.” (Heald, 1976, 199).


This explains the ongoing attraction of the series to legions of fans, both during its initial run and now, some decades later. I recall one school friend in the 1970s making jokes about computer scientist David Kano of Moonbase Alpha falling in love with his computer – but then that friend grew up to become an IT engineer himself. Inspiration can find many forms, even if the original source of inspiration is itself flawed.

The Moon from Mansfield (c) 2020 Kirsten Trecento (Used by permission).


Matter of Life and Death

It’s easy today, with the benefit of hindsight and fifty years of societal development, to be critical of a TV series that exhibited a white, heterosexual, British, male gaze – and to celebrate that we have hopefully evolved since those days. But the resilience of the embattled characters in Space:1999, along with their awe, puzzlement and determination to overcome every strange, unknown, cosmic vista and challenge that came their way, serves as an example to us all. Science and technology can help us fight our struggles, but humanity and inner wisdom are an integral part of what makes us human and gives us hope for the future. Space may be the frontier, but it is the human endeavour that brings meaning to our journey.

“We came all this way to explore the moon, and the most important thing is that we discovered the Earth.” – Apollo 8 astronaut Bill Anders

Space: 1999 is dismissed somewhat in the English speaking world, possibly because it bears more than a little resemblance to European cinema which includes long moments of silence and thought rather than a moving narrative and action (the latter is an absolute requirement of American television, and explains the recalibration brought to the series by Freiberger for season 2). Though Space: 1999 has moments of action and visual excitement – usually on show in the title sequences – it’s a quieter series than you’d find in an American production, or even most UK-made TV series of the time.

Ultimately, this flawed product – like Gerry Anderson and Gene Roddenberry themselves – shines with the potential of humanist optimism and just a touch of naiveté. It reflects a reverence for arts and culture as a way to entertain, inspire and motivate us all towards an enlightened future. The words of Humanist Juneline Velonta seem pointedly pertinent: “Science and Technology may be the gateways to the moon and to the stars, but it is art that makes the journey worth it.”

Edited on 5 August 2023 to add references from Robert E Wood regarding humanism in the series, particlarly in relation to Victor Bergman and Barry Morse.

BIBLOGRAPHY:

Chris Bentley, 2003. The Complete Gerry Anderson: the Authorised Episode Guide, London: Reynolds & Hearne (2nd edition).

Tim Heald, 1976. The Making of Space 1999, New York: Ballantine.

Juneline Velonta, 2021. The Role of Art in a Humanistic Society, Humanist Voices, 17 August.

Robert E. Wood, 2014. Destination: Moonbase Alpha, Prestatyn: Telos Publishing (ebook).

©2023 Geoff Allshorn & David McKinlay